Harper Collins India’s air pollution is a deadly threat. Will its politics meet the challenge? Exposure to the world’s worst air pollution kills over a million Indians each year. It also affects childr

Philosophia 45(3): 1275–1282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-017-9812-5. Abstract In this reply I defend Kripke’s creationist thesis for mythical objects (Reference and Existence, 2013) against Jeffrey Go). I argue that Goodman has mistaken the basis for when mythical abstracta are created. Contrary to Goodman I show that, as well as how, Kripke’s theory consistently retains the analogy between creation of mythical objects and creation of fictional objects, while also explaining in what way they differ.

Synthese Abstract The key characteristic of deep disagreements is that any attempt to resolve them just reveals new points of disagreement that stem from underlying commitments. Many moral disagreementsInformal LogicSemantics and Pragmatics

School impacts of violent relgious extremism

How does the spread of violent extremism in the Sahel region in Africa affect the access to education for boys and girls?

British Journal for the Philosophy of Science Abstract I argue that normative formal epistemology (NFE) is best understood as modelling, in the sense that this is the reconstruction of its methodology o

in: Technology in Society. 63, 101396 Abstract:Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of Deep Learning (DL) technology has diffused in the consumer domain in a unique way as compared to previous gene, i.e., by being added to preexisting technologies that are already in use. We find that DL-algorithms for recommendations or ranking have been infused into all the 15 most popular mobile applications (apps) in the U.S. (as of May 2019). DL-infusion enables fast and vast diffusion. For example, when a DL-system was infused into YouTube, it almost immediately reached a third of the world's population. We argue that existing theories of innovation diffusion and adoption have limited relevance for DL-infusion, because it is a process that is driven by enterprises rather than individuals. We also discuss its social and ethical implications. First, consumers have a limited ability to detect and evaluate an infused technology. DL-infusion may thus help to explain why AI's presence in society has not been challenged by many. Second, the DL-providers are likely to face conflicts of interest, since consumer and supplier goals are not always aligned. Third, infusion is likely to be a particularly important diffusion process for DL-technologies as compared to other innovations, because they need large data sets to function well, which can be drawn from preexisting users. Related, it seems that larger technology companies comparatively benefit more from DL-infusion, because they already have many users. This suggests that the value drawn from DL is likely to follow a Matthew Effect of accumulated advantage online: many preexisting users provide a lot of behavioral data, which bring about better DL-driven features, which attract even more users, etc. Such a self-reinforcing process could limit the possibilities for new companies to compete. This way, the notion of DL-infusion may put light on the power shift that comes with the presence of AI in society.

Virginie Pérotin, Professor of Economics at Leeds University Business School. The effect of employee empowerment on job satisfaction: An empirical analysis of the interplay of demands, control and equa.

Hindawi, Volume 2018, Article ID 3568085, 16 pages, doi.org/10.1155/2018/3568085. Abstract Protection rackets cause economic and social damage across the world. States typically combat protection rackets

Place: At the Institute for Futures Studies, Holländargatan 13, Stockholm, or online. Ilja Viktorov, researcher at the Department of Economic History and International Relations, Stockholm University. RE

Completed: Dilemmas of democratic self-defense in European public broadcasting

This project examines how public broadcasting organizations have responded to the growing presence of broadly defined populist and extremist parties.